BENCHMARKING: Políticas Públicas de Incentivo a Geração de Energia Fotovoltaica
BENCHMARKING: Public Policies to Encourage Photovoltaic Power Generation
Resumo
O objetivo geral deste artigo é descrever o estado da arte, referente aos mecanismos de incentivo à geração de energia solar, com o intuito de proteger o meio ambiente. O objetivo específico, foco desse artigo, foi apurar as boas práticas nas políticas de incentivo à geração de energia através das fontes renováveis, em especial, a energia solar, e a forma de estruturação para a implementação de políticas públicas de promoção a fontes renováveis, o caminho percorrido para responder aos questionamentos deste trabalho, demonstrou, haver grande similaridade entre as políticas adotas pelos 3 países líderes na geração fotovoltaica: China, Japão e Alemanha. Portanto, constatou-se que as melhores políticas na promoção de energia solar, são Feed-in Tariff e Leilões com contas para energias renováveis, em decorrência da utilização dessas políticas pelos países analisados.
Abstract
The general objective of this article is to describe what is the state of the art when it comes to mechanisms to encourage the generation of solar energy, with the aim of protecting the environment. The specific objective, the focus of this article, will be to determine which good practices in policies to encourage the generation of energy with the use of renewable sources, in particular the generation of solar energy, and the form of structuring for the implementation of public policies of promotion to renewable sources, which the world leader in photovoltaic power generation has employed. In this study, the three largest producers of solar energy, China, Japan and Germany, were analyzed. In this study, the three major producers of solar energy were analyzed. Therefore, it has been proven that the most successful policies in promoting solar energy are Feed-in Tariff and Auctions with accounts for renewable energy. The fact that this argument has proven, the full use of these policies by the leading countries in the world solar generation.
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Wȩdzik, A.; Siewierski, T.; Szypowski, M. Green certificates market in Poland – The sources of crisis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 75, 2017.
Zhang, X.; Bai, X . Incentive policies from 2006 to 2016 and new energy vehicle adoption in 2010–2020 in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 70, 2017.
Aquila. G; et al. An overview of incentive policies for the expansion of renewable energy generation in electricity power systems and the Brazilian experience. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 1, 2017.
Bloomberg. Country Profiles: Capacity and Generation. Compare Feed-in Tariffs. Bloomberg New Energy Finance Database, v 1, 2016.
Ciarreta, A.; Espinosa, M.; Pizarro-Irizar, C. Optimal regulation of renewable energy: A comparison of Feed-in Tariffs and Tradable Green Certificates in the Spanish electricity system. Energy Economics, In press, v 1, 2017.
Chapman, A.J.; Itaoka, K. Energy transition to a future low-carbon energy society in Japan's liberalizing electricity market: Precedents, policies and factors of successful transition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, In press, v 1, 2017.
Comello, S; Reilchelstein, S. Cost competitiveness of residential solar PV: The impact of net metering restrictions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017.
Costa, M; Trujillo-Baute, E. Retail Price Effects of Feed-in Tariff Regulation. Energy Economics, v 5,2015.
Couture. T.E ;Gagnon.Y. An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment. Energy Policy, v 38. 2010.
Crago, C ;Chernyakhovskiy, I. Are policy incentives for solar power effective? Evidence from residential installations in the Northeast. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v 81, 2017.
Darmani, A.; Rickne, A.; Antonio Hidalgo, A.; Arvidsson, N. When outcomes are the reflection of the analysis criteria: A review of the tradable green certificate assessments. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 62, 2016.
EU Commission. The support of electricity from renewable energy sources. Commission staff working document, SEC, 2008.
Ferreira. A. et al. Economic overview of the use and production of photovoltaic solar energy in brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 81, 2017.
Geffert, W.; Strunk, K. Beyond net metering: A model for pricing services provided by and to distributed generation owners.The Electricity Journal, v 30, 2017.
Haas, R., Panzer, C., Resch, G., Ragwitz, M., Reece, G., Held, A., 2011. A historical review of promotion strategies for electricity from renewable energy sources in EU countries. Renew Sustain. Energy Rev. v 15, 2011.
Held, A ; Haas, R ; Ragwitz, M. On the success of policy strategies for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources in the EU. Energy Environ. v 17, 2006.
IEA (Agência Internacional de Energia). Countries non members. Disponível em:
IEA and IRENA. Joint Polices and Measures Database. Disponível em:
IRENA, Rethinking Energy 2017: Accelerating the global energy transformation. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. 2017.
Komiyama, R.; Fujii, Y. Assessment of massive integration of photovoltaic system considering rechargeable battery in Japan with high time-resolution optimal power generation mix model. Energy Policy, v 66, 2014.
Koumparou. I ; et al. Configuring residential PV net-metering policies – A focus on the Mediterranean region. Renewable Energy, v 113, 2017.
Kreiss, J. ; Ehrhart, K. ; Haufe, M. Appropriate design of auctions for renewable energy support – Prequalifications and penalties. Energy Policy, v 101, 2017.
Laes, E.;Gorissen, L.;Nevens, F. A comparison of energy transition governance in Germany, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Sustainability, v 1, 2014.
Lind, A.; Rosenberg, E. How do Various Risk Factors Influence the Green Certificate Market of Norway and Sweden. Energy Procedia, v 58, 2014.
Lopez, A.; Roberts, D.;Heimiller, N.; Blair, P. “U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis.” 1° Edição. LONDON: EARTHSCAN,2012.
Matschoss,P .The German energy transition. Status, challenges and the Finnish perspective. FIIA Briefing Paper, v 128, 2013. Disponível em:
Mendonça.M. Feed-in Tariffs: Accelerating the Deployment of Renewable Energy. 1° Edição. LONDON: EARTHSCAN, 2012.
METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), 2014. Endorsement Status of Renewable Energy. Disponível em:
METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), 2015. Current Status of Renewable Energy Installation and the Review on Feed-in-Tariff System, in Japanese.
METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), 2016. Report of Institutional Reform Subcommittee for Renewable Energy Promotion, in Japanese.
NEA(National energy administration), 2017. Report of Renewable Polices. Disponível em:
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Disponível em
Pablo Del Río. Designing auctions for renewable electricity support. Best practices from around the world. Energy for Sustainable Development, v 41, 2017.
Pablo-Romero. M; et al. An overview of feed-in tariffs, premiums and tenders to promote electricityfrom biogas in the EU-28. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 73, 2017.
Pavaloaia, L.; Georgescu, L.; Georgescu, M. The System of Green Certificates - Promoter of Energy from Renewable Resources. Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, v 188, 2015.
Pegels, A.; Lütkenhorst, W. Is Germany׳s energy transition a case of successful green industrial policy? Contrasting wind and solar PV. Energy Policy, v 74, 2014.
Pineda, S.; Bock, A. Renewable-based generation expansion under a green certificate market. Renewable Energy, v 91, 2016.
Poullikkas, A. A comparative assessment of net metering and feed in tariff schemes for residential PV systems. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, v 3,2013.
PSS (Purchasing Scheme for Solar PV Electricity). Disponível em
Qi, T.; et al. An analysis of China's climate policy using the China-in-Global Energy Model. Economic Modelling, v 52, 2016.
REN21. Renawables 2016 Global Status Report, 2016. Disponívelem
REN21. Renawables Global Futures Report: Great debates Towards 100% Renewable energy, 2017. Disponível em
RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standards), 2017. Report Energy Policy.
Shrimali, G.; Konda, C. ;Farooquee, A. Designing renewable energy auctions for India: Managing risks to maximize deployment and cost-effectiveness. Renewable Energy, v 97, 2016.
Sahu, B. A study on global solar PV energy developments and policies with special focus on the top ten solar PV power producing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 43, 2015.
U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2015a. “Direct Federal Financial Interventionsand Subsidies in Energy in Fiscal Year 2013.” Disponível em
https://www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/subsidy/. Acesso em 03 set. 2017.
Tan. R; Chow. T.L. A comparative study of Feed-in Tariff and Net Meating for UCSI University North Wing Campus with 100kW solar Photovoltaic System. Energy Procedia, v 100, 2016.
Tanaka, N. Big Bang in Japan's energy policy. Energy Strategy Reviews, v 1, 243 p - 246 p, 2013.
The German Energiewende, Disponível em
Wang, Y.; et al. Green information, green certification and consumer perceptions of remanufctured automobile parts. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, v 1 2016.
Wȩdzik, A.; Siewierski, T.; Szypowski, M. Green certificates market in Poland – The sources of crisis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 75, 2017.
Zhang, X.; Bai, X . Incentive policies from 2006 to 2016 and new energy vehicle adoption in 2010–2020 in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v 70, 2017.
Como Citar
DOS SANTOS, Bruno Campos; COSTA FILHO, Antônio da Fonseca; NICHIOKA, Júlio.
BENCHMARKING: Políticas Públicas de Incentivo a Geração de Energia Fotovoltaica.
Episteme Transversalis, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, abr. 2019.
ISSN 2236-2649.
Disponível em: <http://revista.ugb.edu.br/ojs302/index.php/episteme/article/view/1308>. Acesso em: 03 jul. 2024.
Seção
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