ENTRE NACIONALISMO E GLOBALIZAÇÃO: O POPULISMO DE EXTREMA DIREITA NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Palavras-chave:
Populismo, Extrema direita, União Europeia, Globalização, Reino UnidoResumo
O populismo é uma noção que se mostra em ascendente importância entre os cientistas políticos, os sociólogos e filósofos políticos desde a segunda parte do século XX. Dado que sua definição está sob questionamento, os estudos empíricos sempre nos permitem aprender mais sobre essa noção e enriquecer sua definição. Em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, a União Europeia poderia ser um laboratório de estudo do populismo e do seu futuro. Assim, este artigo explora a importância crescente do populismo de extrema direita nas instituições europeias para explicar as causas e as implicações deste crescimento.
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During Crises: The Case of Covid-19 in Brazil. International Journal of Public Opinion
Research. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, v. 34, n°. 2. pp. 1-10, jun./ago. 2022.
BBC BRASIL. Disponível em: <https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63464255> Acesso
25 Jul. 2023.
BERLIN, Isaiah. To Define Populism. ed. Oxford: The Isaiah Berlin Literary Trust, 2013.
BERLIN, Isaiah. et al. To Define Populism. Government and Opposition. ed. New York:
Cambridge University Press, v. 3, n°. 2. pp. 137-79, 01 abr. 1968.
CANOVAN, Margaret. Trust the People! Populism and the Two Faces of Democracy.
Political Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, v. 46, n°. 1. pp. 2-16, mar. 1999.
EUROSKEPTICS ARE A BIGGER PRESENCE IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
THAN IN THE PAST. Disponível em: <https://www.pewresearch.org/shortreads/2019/05/22/euroskeptics-are-a-bigger-presence-in-the-european-parliament-than-inpast/> Acesso 27 Jul. 2023.
GERMAN BUNDESTAG. Disponível em
<https://www.bundestag.de/en/parliament/plenary/distributionofseats> Acesso em 19 jul.
2023.
HAWKINS, Kirk A. 2009. “Is Chávez Populist? Measuring Populist Discourse in
Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Political studies. ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE,
v. 42, n°. 8. pp. 1040-67, ago. 2009.
HERMET, Guy. Constants and Mutations of Populism. Critique. ed. Paris: Éditions de
Minuit, v. 1-2, n°. 776-777. pp. 62-74, 2012. Tradução: Cadenza Academic Translation.
HERMET, Guy. Narodniki, boulangisme, People’s Party : trois populismes fondateurs du
XIXe siècle. Le retour des populismes. 2018. ed. Paris: La Découverte/État du monde. pp.
23-20, 2018.
HOW RUSSIA’S NARRATIVES ON UKRAINE REFLECT ITS EXISTENTIAL CRISIS.
Disponível em <https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/how-russiasnarratives-ukraine-reflect-its-existential-crisis> Acesso em 25 Jul 2023.
HOW THE UNITED KINGDOM VOTED ON THURSDAY AND WHY. Disponível em:
<https://lordashcroftpolls.com/2016/06/how-the-united-kingdom-voted-and-why/>. Acesso
27 Jul. 2023.
IDENTITÉ ET DÉMOCRATIE. Disponível em: <https://fr.idgroup.eu/>. Acesso 27 Jul.
2023.
IDENTITY AND DEMOCRACY. Statutes of the Identity and Democracy (ID) Group in the
European Parliament. Disponível em:
<https://assets.nationbuilder.com/idgroup/pages/54/attachments/original/1673443377/NEW_I
D_Statutes__EN_11.2022.pdf?1673443377>. Acesso em: 27 Jul. 2023.
IMPORTANCE OF STRATEGIC VOTING. Disponível em <https://electionseuropeennes.robert-schuman.eu/en/importance-of-strategic-voting/>. Acesso em: 27 Jul.
2023.
IVALDI, Gilles. Le Front National et la “ crise migratoire ” de 2015. In: DEMESMAY,
Claire; MARTENS, Stephan. La France, l’Allemagne et l’Europe face aux migrations,
défi majeur du XXIe siècle. Pessac: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux/Perspectives
Européennes, 2023.
KALTWASSER, Cristóbal R., MUDDE, Cas. Populism: A Very Short Introduction. ed.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
KOPPER, Ákos et al. Logiques d’(in)sécurité en Hongrie. Gouverner par le droit et par
l’exclusion dans un régime illibéral. Cultures et Conflits. Paris: L’Harmattan, v. 113, n°. 2.
pp. 99-123, abr./jun. 2019.
L’EUROPE ET LES MIGRATIONS. Disponível em: <https://ednh.news/fr/leurope-et-lesmigrations-des-chiffres-pour-comprendre/>. Accesso 27 Jul. 2023.
MOFFITT, B. The Global Rise of Populism. ed. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University
Press, 2016.
MUDDE, Cas. The Populist Zeitgeist. Government and Opposition. ed. New York:
Cambridge University Press, v. 39, n°. 4, pp 541-563, 28 mar. 2004.
PARCOURIR L'HÉMICYCLE. Disponível em:
<https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/fr/search/chamber>. Acesso em: 27 Jul. 2023.
PELS, Dick. Aesthetic Representation and Political Style: Re-balancing Identity and
Difference in Media Democracy. In: CORNER, John; PELS, Dick (eds.). Media and the
Restyling of Politics: Consumerism, Celebrity and Cynicism. ed. London: SAGE, 2003.
PERRINEAU, Pascal. Le Populisme. ed. Paris: Que sais-je ?/PUF, 2021.
PILKINGTON, Hilary. Loud and Proud: Passion and Politics in the English Defence
League. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1892. Disponível em: <https://guides.loc.gov/presidentialelection-1892> Acesso em 25 jul. 2023.
QUERMONNE, Jean-Louis. Le système politique de l’Union européenne: des
communautés économiques à l’Union politique. ed. Paris: Montchrestien/Clefs - politique,
2005 (5a ed.).
REINO UNIDO. House of Commons Library. General Election 2015: Briefing Paper.
London, 28 July 2015.
RESULTS OF THE 2015 GENERAL ELECTION. Disponível em:
<https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2015/results>. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2023.
RESULTS OF THE 2017 GENERAL ELECTION. Disponível em:
<https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2017/results>. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2023.
TRATADO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA. Disponível em:
<https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/pt/in-the-past/the-parliament-and-thetreaties/maastricht-treaty> Acesso em 22 jul. 2023.
WEYLAND, Kurt. 2001. “Clarifying a Contested Concept: Populism in the Study of Latin
American Politics”. Comparative Politics. ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, v. 34, n°. 1. pp.
1-22, out. 2001.
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Publicado
2023-12-30
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Souza, M. de. (2023). ENTRE NACIONALISMO E GLOBALIZAÇÃO: O POPULISMO DE EXTREMA DIREITA NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA. Episteme Transversalis, 14(3), 82–103. Recuperado de https://revista.ugb.edu.br/episteme/article/view/3032
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