ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO MODAL DE UMA CHAPA DE AÇO SAE 2610 A PARTIR DO EXPERIMENTO DE CHLADNI E MODELAMENTO NUMÉRICO VIA O MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS

Abstract

This work presents the modal behavior of an SAE 2610 alloy steel plate used in metallic structures. The objective is to understand its dynamic characteristics — natural frequencies and vibration modes that can cause susceptible premature failures when natural frequencies coincide with external excitation frequencies, which is essential for increasing the service life, efficiency, and safety of structures. For the computational modal analysis, the ANSYS 2025 R1 Student software was used, and its natural frequencies were subsequently compared to the results obtained in the Chladni experiment, which consists of exciting the plate using a sound signal generator and observing the formation of nodal patterns from the arrangement of particles on the vibrating surface, a method discovered by Ernst Chladni. Through the Chladni experiment and computational modal analysis, it was possible to identify the characteristic vibration modes of the plate, showing a good correlation between both methods with differences ranging from 0.04% to 6.60% for the four analyzed modes: 78 Hz, 152 Hz, 186 Hz, and 226 Hz, and 78.85 Hz, 151.55 Hz, 198.27 Hz, and 226.10 Hz, respectively. The patterns observed in the experiment (distribution of nodes and antinodes) qualitatively coincided with the numerically predicted mode shapes. These associations allowed for a more precise identification of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and resonance regions, favoring more assertive interventions in correcting structural deficiencies and thus contributing to the overall integrity and stability of the system.